![]() ![]() It is an important aspect of language families like Quechuan (i.e., languages native to the Andes), Indo-European (e.g. Meanwhile, the inflectional change of verbs is called conjugation.ĭeclension occurs in many of the world's languages. masculine, neuter, feminine), and a number of other grammatical categories. nominative case, accusative case, genitive case, dative case), gender (e.g. Declensions may apply to nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and articles to indicate number (e.g. a).įor uses of the Demonstrative Pronouns, see §§ 296 ff.In linguistics, declension (verb: to decline) is the changing of the form of a word, generally to express its syntactic function in the sentence, by way of some inflection. Rēs êiusmodī such a thing ( a thing of that sort cf. The combinations hûiusmodī ( hûiuscemodī), êiusmodī, etc., are used as indeclinable adjectives, equivalent to tālis such. Note 2- The following are formed by composition with ecce or em ( behold!).Įccum (for ecce eum), eccam, eccōs, eccāsĮllum (for em illum), ellam, ellōs, ellāseccistam.ī. Note 1- The appended -ce is also found with pronouns in numerous combinationsĪlso with the interrogative -ne, in hōcine, hōscine, istucine, illicine, etc. Ille and iste appear in combination with the demonstrative particle -c, shortened from -ce, in the following forms. A final m of is is changed to n before d ( eundem for eumdem, etc.) The plural forms īdem, īsdem, are often written iīdem, iīsdem.Ī. The masculine īdem is for †isdem the neuter idem, however, is not for †iddem, but is a relic of an older formation. Note 9- Īdem is the demonstrative is with the indeclinable suffix -dem. Note 8- The intensive -pse is found in the forms eapse (nominative), eumpse, eampse, eōpse, eāpse (ablative). An old form ipsus occurs, with superlative ipsissimus ( own self ), used for comic effect. ![]() The former part was originally declined, as in reāpse (for rē eāpse in fact ). ![]() Note 7- Ipse is compounded of is and -pse (a pronominal particle of uncertain origin: cf. Note 6- The forms illī, istī (gen.), and illae, istae (dat.), are sometimes found also the nominative plural istaece, illaece (for istae, illae). The first syllable of ille and ipse is very often used as short in early poetry. Note 5- Iste is sometimes found in early writers in the form ste etc. Note 4- Ille replaces an earlier ollus ( olle), of which several forms occur. Iste, ista, istud is declined like ille. Êī and ei (monosyllabic) are also found for dative eī ei, eos, etc., also occur in the plural. Note 2- For the dative and ablative plural of hīc the old form hībus is sometimes found haec occurs (rarely) for hae. Ille and iste are sometimes found with the same enclitic. The vowel in hīc, hōc, was originally short, and perhaps this quantity was always retained. In early Latin -c alone is retained in some of these ( hōrunc). But in these latter it is sometimes retained for emphasis. ![]() In most of the cases final e is dropped, in some the whole termination. Note 1- Hīc is a compound of the stem ho- with the demonstrative enclitic -ce. They are: hīc ( this) is, ille, iste ( that), with the intensive ipse ( self), and īdem ( same) 1 and are declined below. The Demonstrative Pronouns are used to point out or designate a person or thing for special attention, either with nouns as Adjectives or alone as Pronouns. ![]()
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